{"id":1654,"date":"2020-07-31T13:48:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T20:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abacourses.com\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1"},"modified":"2022-10-09T23:06:10","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T06:06:10","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abacourses.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639<\/em> \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 <em>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/em> &nbsp;(<em>ABA<\/em>) \u0644\u0623\u0646 <em>\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 <em>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647<\/em> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631). \u0643\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a&nbsp; 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\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627) \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 &#8211; \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632<\/em> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (RAISD) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627. \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An array of trial-based <em>preference assessments<\/em> also exist which are typically more formal in nature. A few of these trial-based <em>preference assessments<\/em> include Single-stimulus, Paired-stimulus, Multiple-stimulus-with-replacement (MSW), and Multiple-stimulus-without-replacement (MSWO). We suggest seeking support to learn how to conduct these <em>preference assessments<\/em> since there are many factors that should be considered to match the individual with the most effective <em>preference assessment<\/em> such as acquired skills, skill deficits, the likelihood satiation (i.e., supplying an excess amount of access to an item or activity, reducing the likelihood that it remains motivating), the category of items that should be used, the likelihood of provoking challenging behavior, and other factors.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graff and Karsten (2012) identified top 5 most common categories of items used by Board-Certified <em>Behavior Analysts<\/em> (<em>BCBA<\/em>) and Board-Certified Assistant <em>Behavior Analysts<\/em> (<em>BCaBA<\/em>) in <em>preference assessments<\/em> which included social praise, tokens, breaks, toys, and edibles. <em>Preference assessments<\/em> may be conducted full-scale (e.g., using multiple stimuli and presenting items on repeated trials in the same sitting) or as mini assessments (e.g., offering a choice between two or more items immediately before a teaching session). They can also be conducted on various time schedules such as hourly, multiple times per day, or weekly to name a few.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two most important things to remember with <em>preference assessments<\/em> is: 1) just because someone likes an item or activity, it does not make it a reinforcer, meaning that they are willing to do specific tasks to earn it and 2) <em>preferences<\/em> can change at any point or last for any period of time. For that reason, you will need to create many opportunities for <em>motivation <\/em>with the individual you are working with.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Resources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graff, R. B. &amp; Karsten, A. M. (2012). Assessing preferences of individuals with developmental disabilities: a survey of current practices. <em>Behavior Analysis in Practice, 5<\/em>(2), 37-48. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <em>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 &nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <em>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 &nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 (MSW)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 (MSWO). \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 <em>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 &nbsp;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639 <em>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &nbsp;\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 (\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627) \u060c&nbsp; \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u062f Graff and Karsten (2012) \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 5 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 (BCBA) <em>\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629&nbsp; (<em>BCaBA)<\/em> \u0641\u064a <em>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. &nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 <em>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644<\/em> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 &nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a&nbsp; \u0647\u0645\u0627: 1) \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0648 2) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 &nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 <em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u060c \u0631. \u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u060c \u0623. \u0645. (2012). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. <em>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c 5<\/em> (2) \u060c 37-48.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dshs.wa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/DDA\/dda\/documents\/F.%20Module%205%20Handout%202.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (RAISD)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a &nbsp;(ABA) \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631). \u0643\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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